{"id":83565,"date":"2018-05-07T12:14:30","date_gmt":"2018-05-07T17:14:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.artofmanliness.com\/?p=83565"},"modified":"2021-09-25T12:54:07","modified_gmt":"2021-09-25T17:54:07","slug":"the-character-building-school-of-parenthood","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beta.artofmanliness.com\/relationships\/fatherhood\/the-character-building-school-of-parenthood\/","title":{"rendered":"The Character-Building School of Parenthood"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-83624 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/content.artofmanliness.com\/uploads\/2018\/05\/SchoolOfParenthood-Header.jpg\" alt=\"Vintage dad carrying his two boys.\" width=\"650\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/content.artofmanliness.com\/uploads\/2018\/05\/SchoolOfParenthood-Header.jpg 650w, https:\/\/content.artofmanliness.com\/uploads\/2018\/05\/SchoolOfParenthood-Header-320x197.jpg 320w, https:\/\/content.artofmanliness.com\/uploads\/2018\/05\/SchoolOfParenthood-Header-640x394.jpg 640w, https:\/\/content.artofmanliness.com\/uploads\/2018\/05\/SchoolOfParenthood-Header-400x246.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Some people shy away from having kids because they worry that it won\u2019t make them happy.<\/p>\n<p>Whether they\u2019re right or wrong really depends on how you define happiness.<\/p>\n<p>If you define happiness in terms of fun and simple pleasure, then no, parenthood will indeed not make you happy. It adds a heaping helping of responsibility, stress, and friction to life.<\/p>\n<p>But, if you define happiness as the ancients did, as a state of <em>eudemonia<\/em>, or full human flourishing, in which you hone your capabilities and grow in virtue and excellence, then having children will make you very happy indeed. For it enrolls you in a unique school of character \u2014 a training regimen that can sharpen, refine, and expand you. &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Now, of course becoming a parent doesn\u2019t do this automatically; plenty of people manage to raise children and still remain terrible human beings. But, if you embrace parenthood as an opportunity to become a better person, if you willingly lean into the friction, it can be incredibly transformative, strengthening a multitude of character traits.<\/p>\n<h3>The Character Traits Trained by the School of Parenthood<\/h3>\n<p>This list is not exhaustive, at least partially because I myself am an exhausted parent. While a certain amount of delirium can enhance one\u2019s creative faculties, nothing in this exhausted state can really be fully perfect. There are some traits you can and surely will add to this list; parenthood is a school, which like any other, goes through phases, and you\u2019re always learning something new about not only yourself, but your kids, and the world at large as well.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike any other school, though, there\u2019s no graduation. You\u2019ll never toss your mortarboard in the air; only your laughing and giggling toddler. Luckily, it\u2019s a school you\u2019ll never <em>want<\/em> to graduate from. (You may think you want to in the midst of particularly hard and stressful times, but you\u2019ll always come back to loving the heck out of your kids. I once heard an appropriate anecdote about something an old woman said to a parent trying to wrangle his kids in a store: \u201cIt\u2019s perfectly normal and acceptable to want to throw your kids out the window as long as you don\u2019t actually do it.\u201d) You\u2019ll ever stay enrolled in the courses that teach the following traits, and continue your experiments in this incomparable laboratory of love.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Patience. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">My goodness, the patience. This popped into my head first and foremost for a reason: it\u2019s the trait most needed, exercised, tested, and built up in the character-building school of parenthood. It\u2019s required at all phases: for the baby who\u2019s crying for seemingly no reason, for wiping up inevitable pools of urine during potty training, for tactfully dealing with temper tantrums thrown mid-grocery shopping, for elementary-age kiddos figuring out they can actually break rules, for middle schoolers sneaking phones and tablets up to their room after bedtime, for teenagers talking back . . . the list goes on and on and on.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You\u2019ll learn patience in one area, only for your kiddo to grow up a little bit and test you in another. But ultimately, your capacity for dealing with disappointments and things outside your control, not just regarding parenting but with the world at large, will grow. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Playfulness. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is perhaps the most fun part of parenting \u2014 just learning to play with your kids. And it does indeed take some learning. You\u2019ll want to be making dinner, or changing a lightbulb, or doing any number of other chores around the house, but over time, you\u2019ll realize that there\u2019s greater joy to be had in playing catch or flying kites or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.artofmanliness.com\/people\/family\/the-benefits-of-reading-out-loud-to-your-kids\/\">even reading books<\/a> than in having a perfectly tidy house. You\u2019ll also learn that the years of your kiddo(s) wanting to play with you are fleeting, so to take advantage of them to the fullest. You\u2019ll have decades later on to have a completely clean house. &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Humility. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Almost from the second your baby emerges from the womb you\u2019ll realize how imperfect you are, and how unprepared you are for the job of dad. That\u2019s often an excuse for people to wait to have kids (or to not have them at all), but don\u2019t let it be. No first-time parent is ever prepared; in fact I\u2019m not sure it\u2019s <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">possible<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to be prepared for the world-changing experience of dadhood. You\u2019ll gain confidence over time, sure (more on that below), but you\u2019ll also almost constantly be reminded of the character traits you need to work on \u2014&nbsp;be it your patience, flexibility, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.artofmanliness.com\/people\/social-skills\/the-art-of-taking-life-less-seriously\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"26\">sense of humor<\/a>, etc. Don\u2019t take it as a depressing indictment on your character, but as an admonition to grow. &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Confidence. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lo and behold, perhaps much to your and everyone else\u2019s amazement, you can actually care for and raise a human being. You can keep the dang thing alive, and even make it laugh sometimes. You can raise a child who excels in school, is kind and gracious, can start a fire, and maybe even likes dear old Mom and Dad. Certainly not every day will build your confidence (some days will indeed feel disastrous), but over time you\u2019ll realize that if you love your kid(s) to the fullest of your abilities and are doing the best you can with what you\u2019ve got, you\u2019re doing alright. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Improvisation.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Nothing will go as planned. Ever. (Okay, maybe that\u2019s hyperbole, but only slightly.) There will always be some catastrophe \u2014&nbsp;whether small or big, either in your eyes or the kiddos\u2019 \u2014 that requires <a href=\"https:\/\/www.artofmanliness.com\/character\/manly-lessons\/macgyver-manhood-and-the-art-of-masculine-improvisation\/\">improvisational thinking and decision making<\/a>. A surprise vomiting in the back seat. Forgotten \u2014 and crucial \u2014 stuffed animals on vacations. A teenager coming in the front door past curfew, and drunk. Parenting is chock-full of \u201copportunities\u201d (because calling them sh*tshows doesn\u2019t seem appropriate) to make quick decisions and figure things out on the fly. You\u2019ll not only learn to be prepared for any and every possible outcome, but how to improvise when life throws you a curveball you couldn\u2019t have seen coming.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Selflessness.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Perhaps the most obvious one, but true nonetheless. From day one of parenthood, you\u2019re getting a crash course in selflessness. You\u2019ll get over yourself \u2014 your own wants and desires about how you spend your time and energy and money \u2014 real quick. From waking multiple times a night to comfort and feed a crying infant, to shuttling kids to and from school and sports and other extracurricular activities, to much later on, dropping everything and cancelling plans to help care for grandkids when your own children can\u2019t get time off work, you\u2019ll immediately learn <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">there isn\u2019t anything you wouldn\u2019t do for your kids<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Gratefulness.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Truly, it takes a village. Without the help of our own parents, friends, neighbors, daycare providers, teachers, random cooing and smiling strangers, we parents would be up a creek. When you realize everything people give on your kids&#8217; behalf \u2014 be it time, energy, money, or small gestures of kindness \u2014 your general gratefulness skyrockets. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beyond being grateful for the community around you, you\u2019ll quickly learn that you\u2019re grateful for your children themselves, and how much joy their very existence brings to your life. In the words of Reverend John Ames to his son (<a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/2D2RVZ4\">via novelist Marilynne Robinson<\/a>): <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cI\u2019m writing this in part to tell you that if you ever wonder what you\u2019ve done in your life, and everyone does wonder sooner or later, you have been God\u2019s grace to me, a miracle, something more than a miracle. You may not remember me very well at all, and it may seem to you to be no great thing to have been the good child of an old man in a shabby little town you will no doubt leave behind. If only I had the words to tell you.\u201d<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And from the late Paul Kalanithi to his young daughter in one of my favorite books, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/2Eil3w8\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When Breath Becomes Air<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWhen you come to one of the many moments in life when you must give an account of yourself, provide a ledger of what you have been, and done, and meant to the world, do not, I pray, discount that you filled a dying man\u2019s days with a sated joy, a joy unknown to me in all my prior years, a joy that does not hunger for more and more, but rests, satisfied. In this time, right now, that is an enormous thing.\u201d <\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Being a parent cultivates your gratefulness in that you come to relish the miracle of life that rests in your arms. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Trust.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> At some point in a child\u2019s life \u2014 whether it\u2019s very early on or once they hit school-age years \u2014&nbsp;you\u2019ll have to entrust their care to someone else. Be it a grandparent or teacher, it\u2019s hard for any parent, every time it happens, to leave their child with another person. You not only have an intrinsic, protective fear, but you also just long to be with them, knowing that their time under your roof is precious and limited. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beyond that piece of it, you\u2019ll come to learn that you have to trust the kids themselves. Trust in their resilience, their ability to recover from scrapes and bruises \u2014 both physical and emotional, their decision making, their choices in friends and significant others. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You have to trust that a parent\u2019s greatest act of love is ultimately to facilitate his child\u2019s burgeoning independence &#8212; to eventually make yourself obsolete. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Organization. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Perhaps a seemingly minor trait, but having kids will force you to be a bit more organized with your life. Beyond just the obvious things like keeping up with vital records and daily schedules, you\u2019ll also need to stay on top of laundry, dishes, general toy clutter, etc. Your domicile will much more quickly become an intimidating black hole of a mess than it did before. I\u2019m far more willing now to spend 15-20 minutes a day picking up and de-cluttering than I was pre-kiddos. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Adventure.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Is there a greater adventure than raising children? I\u2019m not one to generally use dictionary definitions in articles, but it\u2019s so fitting here: adventure is \u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">an unusual and exciting, typically hazardous, experience or activity.\u201d One definition adds \u201cespecially the exploration of unknown territory.\u201d If that\u2019s not parenthood, what is? <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What we usually think of as an adventure typically has an end date. As a parent though, you\u2019re exploring unknown territory until the day you die. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s certainly unusual: babies are strange creatures who morph into unrecognizable, sometimes tornadic toddlers, who eventually morph again into rebellious teenagers, who, hopefully, morph yet again into adults who will come to appreciate all their parents have done. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s plenty hazardous too &#8212; at least for the heart. There\u2019s not only the terrible, worry-inducing risk of an accident or disease befalling your child, but the chance they\u2019ll turn away from you, ripping that very heart in two. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And as for exciting \u2014 the most genuine smiles I\u2019ve ever had have been when my wife and I exchanged vows, and when my children emerged from the womb. No other moments in life are, ahem, as pregnant with possibilities. &nbsp;<\/span><b>&nbsp;<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Integrity\/Virtue. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Few things will inspire you to become a better person more than your kids. It happens right away to some extent, but much more so (at least for me) once it\u2019s clear that they are watching you and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">copying<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> you. As <a href=\"https:\/\/store.artofmanliness.com\/products\/a-little-fellow-follows-me-poem-print\">the old poem goes<\/a>, &#8220;A careful man I want to be; a little fellow follows me.&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;Cut the swearing, lessen the drinking (especially when your kid says \u201cI need a beer!\u201d), show manners and kindness to people, be reliable and do what you say you will (kids have great memories; they won\u2019t forget you promising ______ when you get home). You know, all the things that make you a good human being. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Authority\/Assertiveness. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you weren\u2019t an assertive guy before becoming a dad, you\u2019ll find out in short order that it\u2019s time to become one. Kids learn all too quick how to talk back, rebel, and generally do things they shouldn\u2019t really be doing. Sometimes they\u2019re intentionally wreaking havoc, but often they just don\u2019t quite know how the world works and are trying to figure it out. When things get out of hand, though, you can\u2019t just pussyfoot around and cave to their demands. You might think you\u2019re a tough guy, but when your little girl looks at you all doe-eyed, it\u2019ll take more self-control than you originally thought to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.artofmanliness.com\/people\/social-skills\/a-better-way-to-say-no\/\">say no<\/a> when you need to. If you were once passive, being a parent will push you to learn what it means to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.artofmanliness.com\/people\/social-skills\/how-to-be-assertive\/\">cultivate authority and assertiveness<\/a>. And hopefully in a healthy way \u2014 though it does take time to figure out the balance; one of the best pieces of advice my wife and I received as new parents was to learn how to \u201cpick battles that are big enough to matter, small enough to win.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Sense of Wonder. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.artofmanliness.com\/character\/advice\/podcast-271-power-wonder\/\">Wonder is one of the least regarded virtues in our society.<\/a> The ability to see the world (and its inhabitants for that matter) for the beautiful place it is, is lacking in a culture where complaints are more common than gratitude, and criticism more common than praise. It\u2019s often the natural environment that restores a sense of wonder in a person, but being a parent and watching your kids play and interact with the world can do it on a daily and hourly basis. The joy they get from the smallest things carries over into your own soul; their curiosity piques your own. Even their very development in the things they can do and say and think on their own is a bit awe-inspiring \u2014&nbsp;this thing that was once a little, helpless blob becomes a creative, reflective, autonomous being capable of making a tangible impact on the world. Is anything more wondrous? <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Sense of Humor. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to cultivating a sense of wonder, being a parent also grows your sense of humor. Or at least it should. There are grumpy parents aplenty, but if they would just learn to laugh at things a bit more, they\u2019d be much better off. If you don\u2019t laugh at a baby releasing his bladder on you and giggling, or at a young girl cutting inches off her own hair, you\u2019re bound to be a curmudgeon. That\u2019s no fun though. I\u2019ve found that amongst most parents, certain situations end up so chaotic and ironic and unplanned that laughter just naturally spills out (even if it\u2019s of a slightly crazed variety). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beyond this sort of natural silliness of life\u2019s twists and turns, you\u2019ll come to learn that kids are just funny creatures, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">especially<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> when they start talking and having independent thoughts. The things they do and the things that come out of their mouth will assuredly make you chuckle with delight (even if sometimes you shouldn\u2019t really be laughing \u2014 like when a kid swears and has no idea what he just said). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Toughness. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Being a parent is a hard business. It\u2019s okay to admit that. Sleeplessness, illness, short fuses \u2014&nbsp;every phase of parenting is rife with opportunity for mental and physical breakdowns. But ultimately you just have to make it through; you will, eventually, make it to the dawn of another day. While plenty of activities will build your physical toughness more than parenting (though it does tend to teach you that you can actually function on less sleep than you originally thought), few things build up one\u2019s mental toughness and resilience more than being a parent. You\u2019ll learn to fight fatigue, worry, uncertainty, and your own shortcomings. I\u2019m a far tougher human now than I was before my kids came along. I can deal with sleep interruptions, with plans gone awry, with not getting what I want, with bodily fluids on my furniture, floor, and person. You\u2019ll quickly learn to do the same. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Flexibility. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also known as go-with-the-flow-fulness. Whereas improvisation is about finding solutions and troubleshooting, flexibility is about mentally recalibrating \u2014 about not getting super flustered or annoyed \u2014 when things don\u2019t quite go according to plan, which, as you\u2019ll remember, happens with regularity. &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I\u2019m a guy who thrives on routine. I get up and go to bed at about the same time every day, I eat meals at about the same time, I often plan my weekends to the hilt. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enter the baby bomb. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It will go off right in the middle of your routinized life. And then when things seem to settle in, and you think you have a new, post-child routine finally nailed down, the baby or kid will change things up either by getting sick, or by getting you sick, or by suddenly deciding to alter their sleep schedule. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flexibility is the name of the game when you\u2019re a parent, and you will be forced to cultivate yours. While there\u2019s a lot you can do to create a good routine for your kiddo(s), sometimes it just won\u2019t work out the way you planned and you\u2019ve just got to roll with the punches.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Meaning. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When you become a parent, you\u2019ll naturally start to think more about the idea of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">meaning<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. What am I here for? What\u2019s my purpose? In which direction am I heading? When you turn 30, and your second child \u2014 a perfect little daughter \u2014 happens to be born on the day you turn 30 (yes, that\u2019s me!), you <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">really<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> start to think about the meaning and direction of your life. It\u2019s a question I\u2019ve been turning over in my mind and in my heart <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a lot<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> since she was born a couple months ago. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No matter your position in life \u2014&nbsp;CEO, cubicle automaton, day laborer, stay-at-home dad, entrepreneur, freelancer, trade worker, unemployed \u2014 it\u2019s very possible, perhaps even probable, that your greatest, most important role in life will be that of parent. Of provider. Of protector. Of wisdom-purveyor. What that looks like can vary widely from man to man, but have no doubt that raising and loving your children well is one of the most significant things you will do in life. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Think about the outsized impact your own childhood had on you \u2014&nbsp;for good or ill. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parents make a big difference. <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s hard to realize in the daily, hard moments of parenting, but your child will be influenced by how you loved and cared for them on a day-to-day basis. If you\u2019re a parent, and wondering what your purpose on this planet is, look first to the little ones (or perhaps not-so-little ones) sleeping under your roof. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Some people shy away from having kids because they worry that it won\u2019t make them happy. Whether they\u2019re right or wrong really depends on how you define happiness. If you define happiness in terms of fun and simple pleasure, then no, parenthood will indeed not make you happy. It adds a heaping helping of responsibility, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":100511,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[253,6,42285],"tags":[],"yst_prominent_words":[],"class_list":["post-83565","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fatherhood","category-featured","category-relationships"],"featured_image_urls":{"large":"https:\/\/content.artofmanliness.com\/uploads\/2018\/05\/character-461x280.png","aom":"https:\/\/content.artofmanliness.com\/uploads\/2018\/05\/character-372x230.png","reactor-320":"https:\/\/content.artofmanliness.com\/uploads\/2018\/05\/character-320x219.png"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/beta.artofmanliness.com\/app-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83565","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/beta.artofmanliness.com\/app-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/beta.artofmanliness.com\/app-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.artofmanliness.com\/app-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.artofmanliness.com\/app-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=83565"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/beta.artofmanliness.com\/app-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83565\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":188739,"href":"https:\/\/beta.artofmanliness.com\/app-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/83565\/revisions\/188739"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.artofmanliness.com\/app-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/100511"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/beta.artofmanliness.com\/app-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=83565"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.artofmanliness.com\/app-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=83565"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.artofmanliness.com\/app-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=83565"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beta.artofmanliness.com\/app-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=83565"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}